DaB fUr die Entwicklung der Phanomenologie Husserls nicht zuletzt auch,wissenschaftstheoretische' Motive ausschlaggebend waren, ist hinreichend bekannt. Umso mehr verwundert es, daB die Husserl-Rezeption sich diese Motive nur selten zueigen gemacht hat. Zwar sind in einer Reihe von Einzel­ wissenschaften, wie in der Literaturwissenschaft, der Sozialwissenschaft und besonders auch der Psychologie, phanomenologische Motive wirksam gewor­ den. Versuche einer ausdriicklichen wissenschaftskritischen Anwendung der Husserlschen Philosophie auf einzelwissenschaftliehe Theorien jedoch, wie sie z.B. Alfred Schiitz in seinem friihen Werk zur phanomenologischen Grundlegung der "verstehenden (...) Soziologie"l ansatzweise unternommen hat, sind rar. Freilich ging auch Husserl hier nieht eben mit gutem Beispiel voran. Auch er selbst hat seine wissenschaftstheoretische Programmatik nirgends einer ernsthaften Bewahrungsprobe unterzogen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung will diese Frage einer wissenschaftstheore­ tischen Anwendbarkeit der transzendentalen Phiinomenologie paradigmatisch im Hinblick auf die Problemstellungen der Geschiehtswissenschaft iiberprii­ fen. Was also kann die Phanomenologie fUr die Historik leisten? DaB sieh fiir eine solche Absieht gerade die geschichtstheoretischen Perspektiven in Hus­ serls Werk anbieten, hat vor allem zwei Griinde. (shrink)

We will prove in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without axiom of choice that the transitive hull R* of a relation R is not much “bigger” than R itself. As a measure for the size of a relation we introduce the notion of κ+-narrowness using surjective Hartogs numbers rather than the usul injective Hartogs values. The main theorem of this paper states that the transitive hull of a κ+-narrow relation is κ+-narrow. As an immediate corollary we obtain that, for every infinite cardinal (...) κ, the class HCκ of all κ-hereditary sets is a set with von Neumann rank ϱ ≤ κ+. Moreover, ϱ = κ+ if and only if κ is singular, otherwise ϱ = κ. The statements of the corollary are well known in the presence of the axiom of choice . To prove them without AC - as carried through here - is, however, much harder. A special case of the corollary has been treated independently by T. JECH. (shrink)

We will prove in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without axiom of choice that the transitive hull R* of a relation R is not much “bigger” than R itself. As a measure for the size of a relation we introduce the notion of κ+-narrowness using surjective Hartogs numbers rather than the usul injective Hartogs values. The main theorem of this paper states that the transitive hull of a κ+-narrow relation is κ+-narrow. As an immediate corollary we obtain that, for every infinite cardinal (...) κ, the class HCκ of all κ-hereditary sets is a set with von Neumann rank ϱ(HCκ) ≤ κ+. Moreover, ϱ(HCκ) = κ+ if and only if κ is singular, otherwise ϱ(HCκ) = κ. The statements of the corollary are well known in the presence of the axiom of choice (AC). To prove them without AC - as carried through here - is, however, much harder. A special case of the corollary (κ = ω1, i.e., the class HCω1 of all hereditarily countable sets) has been treated independently by T. JECH. (shrink)

Eckhart describes lust as a principle of life in his German Sermon 63. The examples he mentions indicate that he was inspired by his reading of Augustine's De civitate dei. But while Augustine condemns the Epicurean concept of pleasure emphatically, Eckhart - by contrast - admits that pleasure has an eminent positive value because it is the goal of creation.

Human-Computer Interaction and games set a new domain in understanding people’s motivations in gaming, behavioral implications of game play, game adaptation to player preferences and needs for increased engaging experiences in the context of HCI serious games. When the latter relate with people’s health status, they can become a part of their daily life as assistive health status monitoring/enhancement systems. Co-designing HCI-SGs can be seen as a combination of art and science that involves a meticulous collaborative process. The design elements (...) in assistive HCI-SGs for Parkinson’s Disease patients, in particular, are explored in the present work. Within this context, the Game-Based Learning design framework is adopted here and its main game-design parameters are explored for the Exergames, Dietarygames, Emotional games, Handwriting games, and Voice games design, drawn from the PD-related i-PROGNOSIS Personalized Game Suite holistic approach. Two main data sources were involved in the study. In particular, the first one includes qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, involving 10 PD patients and four clinicians in the co-creation process of the game design, whereas the second one relates with data from an online questionnaire addressed by 104 participants spanning the whole related spectrum, i.e., PD patients, physicians, software/game developers. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify an adapted GBL framework with the most significant game-design parameters, which efficiently predict the transferability of the PGS beneficial effect to real-life, addressing functional PD symptoms. The findings of this work can assist HCI-SG designers for designing PD-related HCI-SGs, as the most significant game-design factors were identified, in terms of adding value to the role of HCI-SGs in increasing PD patients’ quality of life, optimizing the interaction with personalized HCI-SGs and, hence, fostering a collaborative human-computer symbiosis. (shrink)

This co-edited volume compares Chinese and Western experiences of engineering, technology, and development. In doing so, it builds a bridge between the East and West and advances a dialogue in the philosophy of engineering. Divided into three parts, the book starts with studies on epistemological and ontological issues, with a special focus on engineering design, creativity, management, feasibility, and sustainability. Part II considers relationships between the history and philosophy of engineering, and includes a general argument for the necessity of dialogue (...) between history and philosophy. It continues with a general introduction to traditional Chinese attitudes toward engineering and technology, and philosophical case studies of the Chinese steel industry, railroads, and cybernetics in the Soviet Union. Part III focuses on engineering, ethics, and society, with chapters on engineering education and practice in China and the West. The book’s analyses of the interactions of science, engineering, ethics, politics, and policy in different societal contexts are of special interest. The volume as a whole marks a new stage in the emergence of the philosophy of engineering as a new regionalization of philosophy. This carefully edited interdisciplinary volume grew out of an international conference on the philosophy of engineering hosted by the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. It includes 30 contributions by leading philosophers, social scientists, and engineers from Australia, China, Europe, and the United States. (shrink)

Dieses Buch sucht den Diskurs über afrikanische Philosophie, der in früheren Veröffentlichungen des Autors begonnen wurde, fortzusetzen. Wichtige neue Themen sind: 1. Die Situation der Philosophie in den französisch-sprachigen afrikanischen Ländern, insbesondere der Einfluß des Islam auf die afrikanische Weisheitslehre; 2. Die Arbeit afrikanischer Philosophen in der amerikanischen Diaspora; 3. Das wichtige Buch von K.A. Appiah: _In My Father's House. Africa in the Philosophy of Culture_ (1992). - Von diesen Untersuchungen aus wird die Bedeutung der Beschäftigung mit afrikanischer Philosophie für (...) die interkulturelle Philosophie oder - genauer gesagt - für die Notwendigkeit der Dimension des Interkulturellen innerhalb der heutigen Philosophie überhaupt in drei Schritten herausgearbeitet: 1. Afrika in der Philosophie Hegels; 2. Eine nicht mehr eurozentrische Neubestimmung des Verhältnisses der Kulturen zueinander. 3. Der Status universaler Erkenntnis aus der Perspektive kulturanthropologischer Forschungen. - In zwei Zwischenbetrachtungen wird die Kritik am hier vertretenen Ansatz einer interkulturellen Philosophie gegenkritisch erörtert. - Schließlich wird ein Beitrag zum Fortgang des Dialogs abgedruckt, in dem der Zusammenhang von Ethik und Ästhetik im afrikanischen und im westlichen Denken näher untersucht und miteinander konfrontiert wird. (shrink)

Having been set free from sin,You have become slaves of righteousness.Beginning with The Religious Aspect of Philosophy, Josiah Royce's views gradually evolved into a growing celebration of community affiliations. Philosophy of Loyalty eloquently articulated his distinctive social philosophy.1 Royce's vision of ideal community life soon became beatified in The Problem of Christianity in the form of "the Beloved Community," where Royce venerated the Pauline model of a gathered community consisting of those who share a common faith. Heartfelt community loyalty thereby (...) acquired a spiritual dimension that transformed human nature. Against the background of this transfiguration, Royce downplayed the... (shrink)

--2. Bd. Des Sokrates Apologie. Kriton. Euthydemos. Menexenos. Gorgias. Menon. Bearb. von H. Hofmann.--3. Bd. Phaidon. Das Gastmahl. Kratylos. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--4. Bd. Politeia. Der Staat. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--5. Bd. Phaidros. Parmenides. Briefe. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--6. Bd. Theaitetos. Der Sophist. Der Staatsmann. Bearb. von P. Staudacher.--7. Bd. Timaios, Kritias. Philebos. Bearb. von K. Widdra.--8. Bd. Nomōn. Gesetze. Bearb. von K. Schöpsdau. 2 v.

The paper builds on both a simply typed term system ${\cal PR}^\omega$ and a computation model on Scott domains via so-called parallel typed while programs (PTWP). The former provides a notion of partial primitive recursive functional on Scott domains $D_\rho$ supporting a suitable concept of parallelism. Computability on Scott domains seems to entail that Kleene's schema of higher type simultaneous course-of-values recursion (scvr) is not reducible to partial primitive recursion. So extensions ${\cal PR}^{\omega e}$ and PTWP $^e$ are studied that (...) are closed under scvr. The twist are certain type 1 Gödel recursors ${\cal R}_k$ for simultaneous partial primitive recursion. Formally, ${\cal R}_k\vec{g}\vec{H}xi$ denotes a function $f_i \in D_{\iota\to\iota}$ , however, ${\cal R}_k$ is modelled such that $f_i$ is finite, or in other words, a partial sequence. As for PTWP $^e$ , the concept of type $\iota\to\iota$ writable variables is introduced, providing the possibility of creating and manipulating partial sequences. It is shown that the PTWP $^e$ -computable functionals coincide with those definable in ${\cal PR}^{\omega e}$ plus a constant for sequential minimisation. In particular, the functionals definable in ${\cal PR}^{\omega e}$ denoted ${\cal R}^{\omega e}$ can be characterised by a subclass of PTWP $^e$ -computable functionals denoted ${\rm PPR}^{\omega e}$ . Moreover, hierarchies of strictly increasing classes ${\cal R}^{\omega e}_n$ in the style of Heinermann and complexity classes ${\rm PPR}^{\omega e}_n$ are introduced such that $\forall n\ge 0. {\cal R}^{\omega e}_n ={\rm PPR}^{\omega e}_n$ . These results extend those for ${\cal PR}^\omega$ and PTWP [Nig94]. Finally, scvr is employed to define for each type $\sigma$ the enumeration functional $E^\sigma$ of all finite elements of $D_\sigma$. (shrink)

Zur Lehre vom Sein in der modernen Philosophie, von K. H. Haag.--Auf der Suche nach dem Sein, von J. P. Sartre.--Die Philosophie Heideggers, von G. Siewerth.--Die Frage nach Gott, von G. Siewerth.--Das Umgreifende, das das Sein selbst ist, von K. Jaspers.--Allgemeinheit und Individualität, von N. Hartmann.--Das individuum, von C. Nink.--Aktivität, von C. Nink.--Seinsfinalität, von C. Nink.--Sein, Nichtsein und Angst, von P. Tillich.--Mut und Transzendenz, von P. Tillich.--Philosophie und Theologie, von K. Barth.--Eine Auswahl aus "Adventures of ideas," von A. N. Whitehead.--Das (...) Problem der Freiheit, von J. Dewey.--Erscheinung und Wesen, von M. J. Saosjorow.--Abstraktes und Konkretes, von P. W. Kopnin. (shrink)

The paper builds on a simply typed term system ${\cal PR}^\omega $ providing a notion of partial primitive recursive functional on arbitrary Scott domains $D_\sigma$ that includes a suitable concept of parallelism. Computability on the partial continuous functionals seems to entail that Kleene's schema of higher type simultaneous course-of-values recursion (SCVR) is not reducible to partial primitive recursion. So an extension ${\cal PR}^{\omega e}$ is studied that is closed under SCVR and yet stays within the realm of subrecursiveness. The twist (...) are certain type 1 Gödel recursors ${\cal R}_k$ for simultaneous partial primitive recursion. Formally, the value ${\cal R}_k\vec{g}\vec{H} x i$ is a function $f_i$ of type $\iota \to \iota$ , however, ${\cal R}_k$ is modelled such that $f_i$ is a finite element of $D_{\iota\to\iota}$ or in other words, a partial sequence. It is shown that the Ackermann function is not definable in ${\cal PR}^{\omega e}$. (shrink)

The Dating of the Historical Buddha. Part 1. Ed. Heinz Bechert. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1991. xv, 525 pp. n.p.

Zur Schulzugehörigkeit von Werken der Hinayana-Literatur II. Ed. by Heinz Bechert. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1987. viii, 301-434pp. DM 72.

Zur Schulzugehörigkeit von Werken der Hinayana-Literatur I. Ed. Heinz Bechert. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Klasse, Dritte Folge 149. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1985. 289 pp. DM 152.

Catalogue of Cambodian and Burmese Pali Manuscripts. C.E. Godakumbura, assisted by U Tin Lwin, with contributions by Heinz Bechert and Heinz Braun. Catalogue of oriental manuscripts, xylographs, etc., in Danish collections, Vol. II part 1. The Royal Library, Copenhagen 1983. xxi + 153 pp. 12 plates. D.kr.350.

A collaboration has been arranged for the preparation and publication in three dual-language volumes within the Hegel series presently in preparation by Fr. Frommanns Verlag of new critical editions of Hegel’s 1821 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, to be included in one volume with the up to now unpublished first form of his Encyclopedia, and Hegel’s 1824 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, in two volumes. The new German editions are to be prepared by Professor Dr. K.-H. Ilting. The (...) English translations are to be prepared by Professor Darrel E. Christensen. The anticipation is that the first of these editions will appear some time in 1973. (shrink)

The paper studies a simply typed term system Mω providing a primitive recursive concept of parallelism in the sense of Plotkin. The system aims at defining and computing partial continuous functionals. Some connections between denotational and operational semantics → for Mω are investigated. It is shown that → is correct with respect to the denotational semantics. Conversely, → is complete in the sense that if a program denotes some number k, then it is reducible to the numeral nk. Restricting to (...) the primitive recursive kernel Rω of Mω, it is shown that → is strongly normalising with uniquely determined normal forms. The twist is the design of fixed point style conversion rules for constants accounting for parallelly bounded parallel search such that correctness and strong normalisation hold. Thereupon, minor alternations to → bring about that every reduction sequence for a program of Rω terminates either in a numeral nk if the program denotes k, or in the term 0 if the program denotes the “undefined” object. Thus, Rω can be considered a primitive recursive version of Plotkin's PA+·. (shrink)

Heidegger, şeylere bağlanmamaya izin veren meditatif düşünme ile onlarla araçsal ve çıkarcı bir ilişki kuran hesaplayıcı düşünme arasında bir ayrım yapar. Ona göre yeter neden ilkesi, mevcut şeylere hükmetmenin temel yoludur. O, metafiziğin varlık-mahiyet ayrımını da hazır varlık fikrine hizmet eden bu nedensellik paradigmasına indirger; zira Hristiyanlık’ın yaratma kuramı bu ayrımı Yunan felsefesinden uzaklaştıramamıştır. İbn Sînâ ise, İslâm’ın yoktan yaratma kuramını sahiplenerek, yaratılmış dünyanın özüne ontolojik bir fakirlik yerleştirir, zira her şey varlığını kendinde zorunlu varlığa borçludur. Kendinden başkasıyla zorunlu varlık, (...) var edildikten sonra bile kendinde mümkün olma halini korur. Böylece, nedenin bilgisi, bir şey üzerinde hakimiyet kurmak yerine, onun varlığının bizatihi zorunlu varlığa bağımlı olduğunu anlayıp, ona kayıtsız ve ilgisiz kalmayı sağlar. Heidegger’in tersine, nedensel bilgi bir ontolojik yoksulluğun bilgisine dönüşür. Üstelik Heidegger’in meditatif düşünme için referans olarak sunduğu Meister Eckhart, varlık-mahiyet ayrımının sağladığı ontolojik yoksulluk fikrini İbn Sînâ sayesinde geliştirmiştir. İbn Sînâ’nın Heidegger’e yapabileceği bu itirazı ele almakla birlikte, amacımız, nedensellik ilkesinin ve genel olarak aklın etik ve çıkarsız bir şekilde kullanımının imkânını incelemektir. (shrink)

A collaboration has been arranged for the preparation and publication in three dual-language volumes within the Hegel series presently in preparation by Fr. Frommanns Verlag of new critical editions of Hegel’s 1821 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, to be included in one volume with the up to now unpublished first form of his Encyclopedia, and Hegel’s 1824 Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, in two volumes. The new German editions are to be prepared by Professor Dr. K.-H. Ilting. The (...) English translations are to be prepared by Professor Darrel E. Christensen. The anticipation is that the first of these editions will appear some time in 1973. (shrink)